Diagnosis
An ascending paralysis, often post-infectious. Botulism, tick paralysis, West Nile encephalitis, and paralytic shellfish poisoning are in the differential diagnosis.
Epidemiologic Risks
See the organism in question.
Prior post-vaccination GBS is NOT a risk for subsequent GBS (PubMed).
Rarely after bacterial meningitis (PubMed).
Microbiology
Campylobacter has the most significant association with subsequent development of GBS. Been a long time since the influenza vaccine was implicated.
"Infection with cytomegalovirus or Epstein–Barr virus is associated with the demyelinating Guillain– Barré syndrome, whereas C. jejuni infection is associated with the axonal Guillain–Barré syndrome and with the Miller Fisher syndrome (2012 NEJM Review)."
Shingles increases risk 20 x in the next two months (PubMed) as does acute CMV. The incidence of CMV-GBS is between 0.6 and 2.2 cases per 1000 cases of primary CMV infection versus 0.25 to 0.65 cases per 1000 cases of Campylobacter (PubMed).
Perhaps Cat Scratch (PubMed).
Empiric Therapy
Antibiotics are not needed. Plasmapheresis and IVIG are often given for GBS.
Curious Cases
Relevant links to my Medscape blog
Last Update: 12/31/18.