Diagnosis
Depends on the organisms and the donor. (Review)
Epidemiologic Risks
Getting blood, either as transfusion or recreational (i.e. IVDA) .
Transfusions are immunosuppressive, the more liberal the transfusion, the more hospital acquired infections (PubMed).
Microbiology
Anaplasma (PubMed), Babesiosis, Bacillus spp., Brucella spp., Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Cytomegalovirus, E. coli, Ehrlichia, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, HIV, Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, Malaria, any gram-negative rod, Parvovirus B19, Q fever, Relapsing fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Serratia spp, Syphilis, Trypanosoma cruzii, West Nile, Yersinia enterocolitica.
Empiric Therapy
See the specific organism.
Pearls
Risk from a unit of blood (PubMed):
HIV: 1 in 493,000.
HTLV: 1 in 641,000.
HCV: 1 in 103,000.
HBV: 1 in 63,000.
Last Update: 03/12/19.